The widespread use of synthetic fertilizers in current agricultural practices has disrupted the planet’s chemistry by doubling the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus into ecosystems to levels of around 121 million tons of nitrogen and 9 million tons of phosphorus per year. In addition, ammonia volatilization is the leading cause of nitrogen loss in agricultural systems worldwide, and, consequently, it is conducive to low fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency with health and environmental damages and leads to indirect nitrous oxide emission. The growing intake of synthetic fertilizers, associated with the use of brackish irrigation water, especially in coastal areas, represents a serious threat to the environment, as it alters the humic-mineral and microbiological context of the soil with consequent progressive loss of fertility until sterility is reached.
Nowadays there is an increasing interest in zeolite utilization in agriculture. Zeolite application finds several potential uses in agriculture, particularly in soil management. For example, zeolites can be used as carriers of nutrients to promote nutrient use efficiency. On the one hand, considering climate change and rising temperatures, the application of zeolites to the soil or in greenhouses can be a valuable aid for farmers to preserve water content, reduce canopy temperature, and ensure production.
On the other hand, zeolites can be an indispensable tool for reducing polluting emissions and for purifying heavy metals from plant stems, as a result of excessive anthropic pressure over the years. Nowadays, the approach to sustainable agriculture cannot be separated from the use of sustainable products, and it is precisely in this perspective that zeolites will be able to help farms achieve fertilizer savings, better management of water resources, soil decontamination, and groundwater.
The goal of an agricultural ecosystem is, in fact, resilience, that is, properties present in natural ecosystems that can guarantee the renewability of resources. A great leap in quality around soil management is characterized by sustainable agriculture, which represents the form of production that responds to the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to respond to theirs. These minerals are therefore a valuable aid in the search for balance in the agricultural ecosystem.
The enormous use of chemical fertilizers causes serious environmental hazards as only a fraction is really absorbed by the soil, and all the extra fertilizer is washed off often polluting the environment.
Zeolite holds these fertilizers and releases them slowly, greatly improving fertilizer efficiency.
Zeolites have several positive effects on soil properties, such as increasing soil moisture, promoting hydraulic conductivity, and increasing yields in acidified soils; they are widely used as soil conditioners to improve soil physio-chemical properties.
Soil-cationic exchange capacity can be increased using zeolites as soil amendment
Due to the high porosity of their crystalline structure, zeolites can retain molecules of water up to 60% of their weight. Water in their pores, could be steadily evaporated or reabsorbed without damaging the crystalline structures.
Ecological issues and environmental pollution make it necessary to look for alternatives to synthetic pesticides, such as controlled release or organic agrochemicals.
It has been demonstrated that zeolites have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the control of plant diseases
Additional Information:
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1547
Additional Information:
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20173151226
Additional Information:
https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk2/1985/8512/851210.PDF